PCB 레이아웃의 6가지 기본 규칙

PCB 레이아웃에는 여러 레이어로 회로를 설계하는 것이 포함됩니다. PCB 설계의 몇 가지 기본 규칙은 다음과 같습니다: 여러 접지면을 피합니다. 아날로그 회로 신호는 직접적이고 짧게 만듭니다. 단일 PCB에 3개의 커패시터를 사용하지 않습니다. 다층 PCB 설계 및 다층 PCB 설계 방법에 대한 기사도 읽어보실 수 있습니다.

다층 PCB 설계

다층 PCB를 설계할 때 고려해야 할 몇 가지 중요한 사항이 있습니다. 그 중 하나는 구리 트레이스가 신호 및 전력 무결성을 유지해야 한다는 것입니다. 그렇지 않으면 전류 품질에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 따라서 제어 임피던스 트레이스를 사용해야 합니다. 이러한 트레이스는 과열을 방지하기 위해 평소보다 두꺼워야 합니다.

원하는 것이 명확해지면 PCB 설계를 시작할 수 있습니다. 다층 PCB 설계의 첫 번째 단계는 회로도를 만드는 것입니다. 회로도는 전체 설계의 기초가 됩니다. 회로도 편집기 창을 열어 시작하세요. 그런 다음 필요에 따라 세부 사항을 추가하고 회전할 수 있습니다. 회로도가 정확한지 확인하세요.

Creating a single ground plane

Creating a single ground plane on a PCB layout helps reduce the amount of nonuniform voltages across a circuit board. This is accomplished by creating vias or through holes to connect the ground plane with other parts of the board. It also helps reduce noise produced by variations in return current.

While defining a ground plane on a PCB, it is crucial to ensure that the ground plane is not covered with conductive rings because this can lead to electromagnetic interference or even ground loops. Ideally, the ground plane should be located under electronic components. It may be necessary to rearrange the placement of some traces and components to fit the ground plane.

Keeping analog circuit signals direct and short

When implementing a PCB layout for analog circuits, it is important to keep the analog signal traces short and direct. In addition, analog components must be located near each other, which will simplify direct routing. Keeping noisy analog components close to the center of the board will also help reduce noise.

In addition to keeping analog circuit signals direct and short, designers should also avoid obstructing the return paths. Plane splits, vias, slots, and cutouts can cause noise as the analog signal seeks the shortest path back to its origin. As a result, the signal can wander near the ground plane, generating significant noise.

Avoiding three distinct capacitors

When designing a PCB layout, it is best to avoid placing three distinct capacitors on power pins. This arrangement may lead to more problems than it solves. One way to avoid three distinct capacitors is to use traces and coffer fill. Then, place them as close to the device’s pin as possible.

This is not always possible, however, since the distance between traces is not always what was calculated during the design phase. This is a common problem that can lead to problems during the assembly process. When considering placement, remember that the placement of each component is crucial to its functionality.

Using power layer copper

Using power layer copper in PCB layout requires proper planning. In this part of the board, you must allocate a specific area of the board for power network. You can also use inner layer division to allocate this area. To add this layer, you should use the command “PLACE-SPLIT PLANE” and then select the network to be allocated for split. Once you have the power layer area allocated, you can then use the copper paving technique to place the copper in the split area.

In addition to achieving even copper coverage, you must make sure that the thickness of the board is compatible with its core. Using the power plane symmetry alone will not guarantee a perfect copper coverage, as the copper in this part will tear when contour routing. Copper up to the board edge also will not be compatible with scoring (V-cut) techniques. To avoid this issue, it is recommended that you indicate the copper zone on the mechanical layer and that it has a minimum width of 0.5mm.

Using a list of guidelines to place components on a PCB

Using a list of guidelines to place a component on a PCB can help minimize the overall cost of developing a new product while shortening the product development cycle. These guidelines also help ensure a smooth transition from prototype to production. These guidelines are applicable to both analog and digital circuits.

Most board designers follow a set of guidelines when designing a PCB. For example, a typical board design rule is to minimize the length of digital clock traces. However, many designers do not fully understand the rationale behind these guidelines. Among other things, high-speed traces must not cross gaps in the signal return plane.