Proses Pembuatan Prototipe Papan Sirkuit Cetak

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Proses Pembuatan Prototipe Papan Sirkuit Cetak

A printed circuit board (PCB) prototyping process involves a series of steps, starting with the creation of a PCB design. These steps include generating the required through holes and using carbide drill bits or NC drill machines to create the holes. Once the through holes have been created, a thin layer of copper is chemically deposited into the through holes. This copper layer is then thickened through electrolytic copper plating.

Gerber file

A Gerber file is a file with detailed descriptions of components. These files are often used to help with the debugging process and to create printed circuit boards. To make sure that your Gerber file contains the correct information, you should check that it is free from errors by using a tool like FreeDFM. It is also a good idea to submit a plain text file if you need to include additional information that is not included in the Gerber file. You should also provide the correct mapping file and matching files, which are required by PCB manufacturers to produce your PCB.

You can use several software applications to create PCB Gerber files, including PCB designer software. Another option is to use an experienced PCB manufacturer to create the Gerber file for you.

Silkscreen

Traditionally, the Silkscreen printed circuit board prototyping process has relied on stencils to apply markings on a circuit board. These stencils are similar to the ones that are used when spray painting a car’s number plate. However, PCB development has progressed since that time and silkscreen application methods have improved as well. With silkscreen printing, epoxy ink is pushed through the stencil to create the desired text or imagery. The ink is then baked into a laminate. However, this method has its drawbacks and is not ideal for high-resolution printing.

Once the silkscreen is complete, the fabricator will use the silk screen information to make a transfer screen and transfer the information to the PCB. Alternatively, the fabricator may also choose to use the more modern method of printing directly on the PCB without a transfer screen.

Reflow oven

A reflow oven is a type of oven that uses infrared light to melt the solder paste and assemble the components of a printed circuit board. This type of oven has several advantages. The process speed is adjustable and the temperature of each zone can be independently controlled. PCBs are fed into the oven by conveyor at a controlled rate. Technicians adjust the speed, temperature, and time profile depending on the needs of the PCB.

The first step in the reflow soldering process is to apply solder paste to the surface mount pads of the components. The solder paste holds the components in place while the components are soldered. Various types of solder paste are available. Choosing the type that is right for your needs will be an important decision.

Reflow

The reflow process is a common technique used in printed circuit board prototyping. It uses a solder paste to hold together the various components on the board. When the components are soldered together, they become electrically connected. The process begins by pre-heating the units, following a temperature profile that will remove volatile solvents from the solder paste.

The temperature is crucial for a quality solder joint. The reflow process must be completed within a reasonable time. Insufficient heat will result in ineffective joints, while excessive heat will damage the circuit board components. Generally, the reflow time ranges from 30 to 60 seconds. However, if the reflow time is too long, the solder will not reach its melting point and may result in brittle joints.

Reflow oven for four-sided PCBs

A reflow oven for four-sided printed circuit board (PCB) prototyping is an oven used in the reflow soldering process. It involves a series of important steps and the use of high-quality materials. For larger-scale production, wave soldering is often used. Wave soldering requires a specific PCB size and alignment. Individual soldering may also be achieved with a hot air pencil.

A reflow oven has several distinct heating zones. It may have one or more zones, which are programmed to correspond to the temperature of the circuit board when it passes through each zone. These zones are set up with an SMT program, which is usually a sequence of set points, temperature, and belt speed. These programs provide complete transparency and consistency throughout the reflow process.

 

Alur Produksi PCB Fleksibel Kaku serta Kelebihan dan Kekurangannya

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Alur Produksi PCB Fleksibel Kaku serta Kelebihan dan Kekurangannya

Alur produksi PCB kaku fleksibel sangat kompleks dibandingkan dengan PCB kaku tradisional, dan memiliki banyak tantangan. Secara khusus, garis tikungan di sirkuit fleksibel membuat perutean menjadi sulit, dan komponen yang ditempatkan pada garis tikungan ini mengalami tekanan mekanis. Untuk mengurangi hal ini, anyaman lubang sering digunakan, atau lapisan penutup tambahan dapat ditambahkan untuk mengaitkan bantalan.

Vias buta

PCB kaku yang fleksibel sering digunakan dalam peralatan medis, peralatan pencitraan, monitor genggam, dan peralatan militer. Mereka memiliki biaya per unit yang rendah, fleksibel, dan dapat menahan fluktuasi suhu. Papan ini juga digunakan dalam sistem komunikasi radio dan peralatan radar. Mereka juga digunakan dalam sistem pengujian kebisingan dan getaran.

Alur produksi PCB fleksibel kaku dimulai dengan desain dan tata letak papan. Tata letak harus diperiksa untuk kontinuitas listrik. Area lentur harus dirancang untuk menahan tikungan tanpa titik lemah atau pelenturan. Selama proses ini, jejak dirutekan tegak lurus dengan garis tikungan. Jika memungkinkan, jejak tiruan harus ditambahkan untuk memperkuat area tikungan.

Suhu tinggi

PCB kaku-fleksibel dibuat dengan menempelkan PCB dengan pita perekat ke papan fleksibel. Pita perekat ini terbuat dari bahan bersuhu tinggi. Bahan-bahan ini dapat menahan suhu tinggi dan tahan terhadap efek buruk dari radiasi, hamburan Raman, dan sinar inframerah.

PCB kaku-fleksibel biasanya menggunakan kombinasi film PI dan PET untuk substratnya. Inti serat kaca juga umum digunakan, meskipun biasanya lebih tebal.

Bahan kimia

PCB fleksibel kaku memiliki berbagai aplikasi dan merupakan komponen penting dari segala sesuatu mulai dari elektronik konsumen kecil hingga sistem militer/pertahanan yang canggih. Mereka sangat serbaguna dan ideal untuk aplikasi yang memiliki suhu tinggi dan gerakan konstan. Selain sangat fleksibel, papan ini juga tahan bahan kimia dan pelarut.

Tembaga digunakan sebagai bahan konduktor yang paling umum dan tersedia secara luas. Bahan ini juga memiliki sifat listrik dan kemampuan kerja yang baik. Foil tembaga tersedia dalam bentuk gulungan dan elektro-deposit. Foil tembaga sering kali diberi perlakuan permukaan untuk meningkatkan daya rekat dan melindunginya dari oksidasi.

Getaran

Proses produksi PCB fleksibel kaku memakan waktu lama dan membutuhkan lebih banyak bahan dan tenaga kerja daripada PCB kaku. Jenis papan sirkuit ini biasanya digunakan dalam perangkat medis, pengontrol nirkabel, dan sistem pengiriman obat. Ini juga digunakan dalam industri kedirgantaraan untuk sistem gerak dan penginderaan, sistem komunikasi radio, dan ruang uji lingkungan.

Jenis PCB ini lebih dapat diandalkan daripada papan kaku tradisional. Papan ini dapat bertahan di lingkungan dengan getaran tinggi dan dapat dilipat menjadi profil kecil. Selain itu, lebih mudah dipasang di ruang sempit, yang membuatnya ideal untuk aplikasi dengan kepadatan tinggi.

Guncangan

Jenis papan sirkuit ini lebih kompleks daripada PCB kaku tradisional, menghadirkan berbagai tantangan desain. Misalnya, garis tekukan pada sirkuit fleksibel dapat memengaruhi perutean, dan komponen yang ditempatkan di atasnya dapat mengakibatkan tekanan mekanis. Untungnya, melalui anyaman lubang dan lapisan penutup tambahan dapat membantu mengurangi masalah ini.

Manfaat lain dari PCB fleksibel yang kaku adalah kompatibel dengan perangkat yang ada. Mereka dapat ditekuk dan dilipat tanpa menyebabkan kerusakan pada sirkuit. Selain itu, mereka dapat diandalkan. Papan sirkuit jenis ini adalah pilihan tepat untuk aplikasi dengan keandalan tinggi.

Biaya

Biaya PCB fleksibel kaku tergantung pada beberapa faktor, seperti jenis papan fleksibel yang digunakan dan jumlah lapisannya. Biaya juga tergantung pada pengembang dan produsen papan. Beberapa produsen PCB mengenakan harga yang sangat tinggi, tetapi mereka dibenarkan oleh kualitas luar biasa dan perhatian terhadap detail yang mereka berikan.

PCB fleksibel semakin menjadi lebih kompleks karena harus memenuhi persyaratan yang lebih ketat. Misalnya, arahan REACH, persyaratan EMC, dan standar baru semuanya memerlukan pengujian khusus terhadap komponen yang digunakan. Biaya tambahan yang terkait dengan pengujian ini secara langsung memengaruhi biaya PCB fleksibel.

Jenis Masker Solder PCB - 4 Jenis Masker Solder Untuk PCB

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Jenis Masker Solder PCB - 4 Jenis Masker Solder Untuk PCB

Untuk memilih masker solder yang tepat untuk proyek Anda, Anda harus memahami spesifikasinya. Spesifikasi ini menentukan kekerasan, umur simpan, dan sifat mudah terbakar produk. Selain itu, mereka menentukan ketahanan masker solder terhadap oksidasi, kelembapan, dan pertumbuhan biologis. Anda mungkin juga ingin memilih masker solder dengan lapisan akhir matte atau satin, karena dapat meminimalkan manik-manik solder.

Masker solder LPI

Di masa lalu, produsen PCB akan menawarkan dua jenis masker solder LPI yang berbeda - matte dan gloss. Hanya sedikit pelanggan yang akan menunjukkan yang mana yang mereka inginkan, sehingga keputusan sering diserahkan kepada produsen. Namun, saat ini, pelanggan dapat mempertimbangkan manfaat dari setiap jenis hasil akhir. Meskipun ada sedikit perbedaan dalam kinerja antara kedua jenis masker solder, hasil akhir yang mengkilap mungkin lebih menarik bagi sebagian orang.

Perbedaan utama antara kedua jenis masker solder ini adalah proses aplikasinya. Jenis pertama adalah masker solder yang dapat dicitrakan dengan foto film kering, yang mirip dengan stiker, kecuali bahwa masker ini disatukan oleh solder. Setelah proses penyolderan, masker solder yang dapat dicitrakan dengan foto film kering dikupas dari satu sisi dan sisa bahan diaplikasikan pada masker PCB dengan posisi menghadap ke bawah. Jenis kedua adalah masker solder cair, yang mengikuti prosedur yang sama tanpa stiker.

Masker solder LPI dapat disaring dengan kain sutra atau dilapisi dengan semprotan ke PCB. Masker solder ini paling sering digunakan bersama dengan lapisan akhir permukaan Nikel Tanpa Elektro, Emas Perendaman, atau Perataan Solder Udara Panas. Untuk aplikasi yang tepat, PCB harus dibersihkan dan bebas dari kontaminan dan masker solder harus sembuh total.

Masker solder epoksi

Ada dua jenis utama masker solder epoksi. Salah satu jenisnya terbuat dari epoksi cair yang disaring dengan sutra ke papan PCB. Metode pencetakan masker solder ini adalah yang paling murah dan paling populer. Jaring anyaman digunakan untuk mendukung pola pemblokiran tinta. Cairan epoksi mengeras selama proses pengeringan termal. Pewarna kemudian dicampur ke dalam epoksi, yang mengering untuk menghasilkan warna yang diinginkan.

Ketebalan masker solder tergantung pada letak jejak pada papan sirkuit. Ketebalannya akan lebih tipis di dekat tepi jejak tembaga. Ketebalannya harus setidaknya 0,5 milimeter di seluruh jejak ini, dan bisa setipis 0,3 milimeter. Selain itu, masker solder dapat disemprotkan pada PCB untuk mendapatkan ketebalan yang seragam.

Berbagai jenis masker solder tersedia dalam berbagai warna. Meskipun warna yang paling umum adalah hijau, jenis lainnya tersedia dalam warna hitam, putih, oranye, dan merah. Tergantung pada aplikasinya, Anda dapat memilih warna yang paling sesuai dengan proyek Anda.

Masker solder transparan

Ada beberapa jenis masker solder transparan yang tersedia untuk pembuatan PCB. Ini digunakan untuk melindungi jejak tembaga dari oksidasi. Masker ini juga mencegah pembentukan jembatan solder di antara bantalan solder. Meskipun tidak memberikan transparansi yang sempurna, masker ini tetap efektif untuk mencapai tujuan desain Anda.

Namun, jenis masker solder yang Anda pilih bergantung pada beberapa faktor, termasuk dimensi papan, tata letak permukaan, komponen, dan konduktor. Anda juga perlu mempertimbangkan aplikasi akhir. Mungkin juga ada standar industri yang harus Anda penuhi, terutama jika Anda bekerja di industri yang diatur. Secara umum, masker yang dapat dicitrakan dengan foto cair adalah pilihan yang paling umum dan dapat diandalkan untuk pembuatan PCB.

Selain warna yang lebih umum, ada juga beberapa jenis masker solder yang lebih unik. Misalnya, ada masker yang lebih langka dan lebih berwarna yang tersedia, yang dapat berguna bagi para desainer dan pembuat elektronik khusus. Jenis masker solder yang digunakan akan memengaruhi kinerja PCB, jadi penting untuk memilih jenis yang tepat berdasarkan kebutuhan proyek Anda.

Masker solder grafit

Warna masker solder yang berbeda memiliki viskositas yang berbeda, dan perbedaannya penting untuk diketahui jika Anda berencana menggunakannya untuk PCB Anda. Masker solder hijau memiliki viskositas terendah, sedangkan yang hitam memiliki viskositas tertinggi. Masker hijau lebih fleksibel, sehingga lebih mudah diaplikasikan pada PCB dengan kepadatan komponen yang tinggi.

Masker solder ini menawarkan perlindungan pada PCB dan permukaannya. Secara khusus, masker ini berguna untuk peralatan yang membutuhkan kinerja tinggi dan layanan tanpa gangguan. Mereka juga cocok untuk aplikasi yang membutuhkan masa pakai yang lebih lama. Masker solder ini merupakan alternatif yang menghemat waktu untuk menutupi secara manual dengan pita tahan panas.

Jenis lain dari masker solder adalah masker solder yang dapat difoto dengan film kering. Jenis masker solder ini memiliki gambar yang dibuat pada film, dan kemudian disolder ke bantalan tembaga PCB. Prosesnya mirip dengan LPI, tetapi masker solder film kering diaplikasikan dalam bentuk lembaran. Proses ini membuat masker solder yang tidak diinginkan melekat pada PCB, dan menghilangkan gelembung udara di bawahnya. Setelah itu, pekerja menghapus film dengan pelarut, dan kemudian menyembuhkan masker solder yang tersisa secara termal.

Cara Memangkas Biaya Perakitan PCB dengan Tetap Mempertahankan Kualitas

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Cara Memangkas Biaya Perakitan PCB dengan Tetap Mempertahankan Kualitas

If you’re looking to cut PCB assembly costs, there are several strategies you can employ. These include choosing a manufacturer that scales with your business, selecting a PCB assembler that can meet your needs, and calculating lead time. These steps will reduce your overall PCB assembly costs without compromising on quality.

Design strategies to reduce pcb assembly cost

To reduce PCB assembly cost, use design strategies that minimize errors and increase efficiency. Often, these strategies involve using fiducial markers to identify components, which can help reduce multiple rework costs. Additionally, these strategies reduce the overall number of components, thereby reducing assembly runs.

For example, you can design your PCBs to be more efficient by using common shapes instead of custom shapes. This way, your assembly team can use more standard components, which can reduce costs. You should also avoid using expensive components that are nearing the end of their life cycles. By using more affordable components, you can save on costs per PCB.

When designing a PCB, consider the cost of the components and the process. Often, expensive components are overkill for a design. Look for alternative components that meet your specifications and are less expensive. Likewise, choose a PCB manufacturer that offers the lowest price for volume. These strategies can help you reduce PCB assembly cost without sacrificing quality.

Choosing a manufacturer that can scale with your business

While PCB assembling is expensive, it is possible to cut production costs by choosing a manufacturer that can scale with your business and meet your needs. It is best to select a manufacturer with multiple component sources for greater cost leverage. The size of a PCB can also be a key consideration, as the smaller it is, the more expensive it will be. In addition, the cost of a PCB also depends on its individual component count. The more unique components that are used in the assembly, the lower the price.

The technology used to assemble PCBs differs from one manufacturer to another. For example, Surface Mount Technology (SMT) is more cost effective and efficient than through-hole technology. However, both technologies have their pros and cons.

Choosing a PCB assembler

With the growing competition in manufacturing technology, designers are looking for ways to cut the cost of their products without compromising on quality. As a result, they are focusing on finding a PCB assembler that can offer the best value for their money. PCB assembly is a crucial component of hardware engineering and it can greatly impact the overall cost. To ensure the best value for your money, you need to choose the right PCB assembler and PCB fabrication vendor.

When choosing a PCB assembler, you should look for one that has a long-term relationship with their customers. This way, you can be sure of the quality of their work. Additionally, the company should have the right equipment to perform the assembly process, including robots to place SMT components.

PCB assembly cost is also influenced by the type of electronic components used in the PCB. Different components need different types of packaging and require more manpower. For example, a BGA package requires more time and effort to complete than a conventional component. This is because the electrical pins of a BGA have to be inspected using an X-ray, which can significantly increase the assembly cost.

Calculating lead time

The main issue with calculating lead time is that different PCB assemblers have different methods for doing this. To calculate lead time, you will need to determine the starting date of your order, as well as the date that you received your components. The general rule is that the longer the lead time, the less expensive the PCB assembly will be.

Calculating lead time is important for several reasons. First, it helps you understand how long it takes to complete a project. In a production process, lead time refers to the time it takes from the request to the final delivery. For example, if you place an order for a product with a two-week lead time, you risk having it out of stock in two weeks. Additionally, any delays or hiccups in the manufacturing process will impact lead time. Ultimately, this can affect the customer satisfaction.

Ultimately, reducing lead time is vital for business efficiency. Not only will it cut down on waiting time, but it will also lower your overall costs. Nobody likes to wait, especially when it’s for a small item.

Altium Designer – A Basic Guideline From Schematic to PCB Design

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Altium Designer – A Basic Guideline From Schematic to PCB Design

In this Altium Designer tutorial, you’ll learn how to create a schematic and compile it into a PCB design. You’ll also learn about importing components into a blank PCB layout and identifying routing requirements. Then, you’ll know what to do next to get your PCB ready for fabrication.

Creating a schematic in Altium Designer

Creating a schematic in Altium Designer can be done by importing an existing schematic file or by creating a new schematic. If you’ve created a circuit board before, it’s not necessary to start from scratch. Altium Designer includes guidelines for design reuse. To begin, open the board’s schematic window.

Altium Designer has two environments: the primary document editing environment and workspace panels. Some panels dock on the left side of the tool, while others pop out or are hidden. To move around a schematic, click and hold the right mouse button or hold the left Ctrl key while clicking the screen. To zoom, use the options on the top menu.

You can then drag and drop components to the schematic. You can also use the explorer window to view and select components. Alternatively, click and drag on the schematic window to place them. You can also hold down the mouse button to set a component.

Compiling it to a pcb design

Once you have a schematic, you can use Altium designer to compile it to a PCB design. It has several features, including the ability to create a library of components. Then, you can set the footprints for your components, and choose from the various options for each. Depending on the size and density of your board, you can choose the normal (N) or medium (M) footprint.

After you’ve created your PCB layout, you’ll want to add the schematic to your project. This will automatically link your schematic and BOM. Altium Designer can even compile your schematic data automatically while you’re creating your design. To do this, click on the library tab in the left pane of the screen. On the next screen, you’ll want to check that the components you’ve added are properly integrated into the PCB layout.

Importing components into a blank PCB layout

Importing components into a blank PCBA layout in Altium Designer is a quick and easy process. After you import the components, you can turn on or off specific layers, and then arrange them in the PCB. After that, you can route traces between the components.

First, you need to create a schematic PCB layout. To do so, add a new schematic or add an existing schematic. Then, on the left screen, click on the library tab. You can then check to see if the component you selected is integrated.

After you import the components, Altium Designer will check for the compliance of the schematic with the design rules. This is an important step in the design process, because errors in the schematic may affect the quality of your finished PCB.

Routing requirements in Altium Designer

Altium Designer includes built-in tools for managing routing requirements. These tools are useful when adding new components to a schematic or PCB. However, there are still some rules to adhere to when auto-routing. The first tool to use for routing requirements is a net class. Once configured, a net class will automatically route the components in an appropriate way.

A rule-driven design engine is also included in Altium Designer to ensure that the PCB layout complies with all signaling standards. The rules-driven design engine also checks the layout against various design requirements to ensure that it follows the design rules. As a result, Altium Designer ensures the quality of your design. In addition, successful PCB routing starts with the right stackup, which supports your impedance goals and trace density requirements. This step allows you to set specific impedance profiles for important nets, so that the signal is not lost during routing.

Steps in the process

Once you have created a schematic, you can export it in the form of a netlist or bill of materials in Altium Designer. These files are required for the fabrication of the PCB. They contain all of the necessary information for manufacturing the board, including a list of all of the required materials. In addition, these documents can be reviewed after each step.

Altium Designer also has a tool for schematic capture, which allows you to import schematic components into a PCB layout. The software will then generate a PcbDoc file and a blank printed circuit board document.